May 21 : Two group of scientists from the University of Miami and the University of California have shown that nanotechnology may help enhance the regeneration of nerve cells, and thereby reduce the effects of trauma and disease in a dramatic way.

The two presentations were made at the NSTI Nanotech 2007 Conference.

Developed by researchers at the University of Miami, the first method show how magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) may be used to create mechanical tension that stimulates the growth and elongation of axons of the central nervous system neurons.

“By providing mechanical tension to the regrowing axon, we may be able to enhance the regenerative axon growth in vivo,” explains Dr. Mauris N. De Silva.

Although the study is at a very preliminary stage, its findings may have significant implications for the treatment of spinal cord injuries, and it is a vital “next step” in bringing nanotechnology to clinical use.

The second method developed by California University researchers uses aligned nanofibers containing one or more growth factors to provide a bioactive matrix where nerve cells can regrow. It focuses on peripheral nerve injury, which affects 2.8% of all trauma patients and quite often results in lifelong disability.

The researchers have developed a technology that has the potential to serve as a better alternative than currently available synthetic nerve grafts. The graft material is composed entirely of aligned nanoscale polymer fibers that act as physical guides for regenerating nerve fibers.

They have also developed a way to make these aligned nanofibers bioactive by attaching various biochemicals directly onto the surfaces of the nanofibers. Thus, the technology mimics the nerve autograft by providing both physical and biochemical cues to enhance and direct nerve growth.

Boffins say that the technology can induce, enhance, and direct nerve fibre regeneration in a straight and organised manner.

With a view to making the technology clinically viable, the researchers have also developed a novel graft fabrication technology in their laboratory. (ANI)